Interplay between alexithymia, emotion regulation, and positive and negative affect as predictors of gambling and gaming disorders in adolescents and young adults

Introduction/Objectives: Gambling and gaming disorder are usually comorbid addictive behaviours in which alexithymia and emotional regulation have been proved to be of relevance. The present study aimed to analyse the relationship between those variables and their differences depending on the presence or absence of gambling and gaming behaviours. Method: The sample consisted of 1,219 people between 12 and 20 years of age (M = 15.55, SD = 2.07; 51.8% females). Results: The results showed significant differences between players and non-players in gambling disorder, alexithymia and emotional regulation. The findings also indicated that there were differences in alexithymia, emotional regulation, negative affect, gambling disorder and gaming disorder among the different profiles of video game players. The comparison of participants with gaming disorder, gambling disorder, both, or neither of them, showed differences in alexithymia, emotional regulation, negative affect, gambling disorder and gaming disorder. Furthermore, correlations between gambling disorder and age, gaming disorder, negative affect, alexithymia and emotional regulation were found. Similarly, gaming dis-order was associated with gambling disorder, negative affect, alexithymia, emotional regulation and age. Conclusions: The hierarchical regression analyses demonstrated the predictive role of alexithymia and age in gambling disorder as well as the predictive role of age, sex and negative affect in gaming disorder.

Introducción/Objetivos: Los trastornos de juego y videojuego son conductas adictivas habitualmente comórbidas en las que se ha demostrado la relevancia de la alexitimia y la regulación emocional. Este estudio analiza la relación entre dichas variables y sus diferencias en función de la presencia o ausencia de conductas de juego y videojuego. Método: La muestra estuvo formada por 1219 personas de entre 12 y 20 años (M = 15.55, SD = 2.07; 51.8 % mujeres). Resultados: Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas entre jugadores y no jugadores en el juego patológico, la alexitimia y la regulación emocional. Los resultados también indicaron que había diferencias en alexitimia, regulación emocional, afecto negativo, trastorno de juego y videojuego entre los distintos perfiles de jugadores de videojuegos. La comparación de los participantes con trastorno de juego y videojuego, con ambos o con ninguno de ellos, mostró diferencias en la alexitimia, la regulación emocional, el afecto negativo, el trastorno de juego y videojuego. Además, se encontraron correlaciones entre el juego patológico y la edad, el trastorno por videojuego, el afecto negativo, la alexitimia y la regulación emocional. Del mismo modo, el trastorno por videojuego se asoció con el juego patológico, el afecto negativo, la alexitimia, la regulación emocional y la edad. Conclusiones: Los análisis de regresión jerárquica demostraron el papel predictivo de la alexitimia y la edad en el trastorno de juego y el papel predictivo de la edad, el sexo y el afecto negativo en el trastorno por videojuego.

DSM-5 Pathological Personality Traits Among College Students / Rasgos de Personalidad Patológica según el DSM-5 en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios

Abstract Individuals with personality pathology exhibit significant impairment in intrapersonal and interpersonal functioning that compromise psychological welfare of significant others. However, common pathological personality traits in college students remain unclear. This study aimed to describe pathological personality traits identified in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed., DSM-5) Section III alternative model of personality disorder in college students. This is a quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional study. Participants were 81 college students from a Colombian University who were administered the Personality Inventory for DSM-5. Findings suggest that women scored significantly higher than men on hostility (z=-2.577; p=0.01; n 2 = 0.082). A medium size effect was found (p> 0.039) through the ( 2 index. The remaining variables did not prove statistically significant differences when controlling the participant gender (p < 0.05). The personality domain that reached the most dysfunctionality was disinhibition (risk taking, impulsivity, rigid perfectionism). Negative affect had the highest mean score and gender differences in facets and domains showed that women scored significantly higher than men on hostility. However, more studies into the pathological personality traits established by the PID-5 is required if the shift to a dimensional model is likely to occur in future editions of the DSM.

Resumen Las personas con patologías de la personalidad exhiben un deterioro significativo en el funcionamiento inter-intrapersonal que compromete el bienestar psicológico de los más cercanos. Sin embargo, los rasgos de personalidad patológica más comunes en estudiantes universitarios aún no son muy claros. Este estudio busca describir los rasgos de personalidad patológica identificados en el manual diagnóstico y estadístico de trastornos mentales (DSM-5), en estudiantes universitarios. Este es un estudio cuantitativo, transversal, no experimental. Los participantes fueron 81 estudiantes del programa de psicología de una Universidad Colombiana quienes fueron evaluados por medio del Inventario de personalidad para el DSM-5. Los hallazgos sugieren que las mujeres tuvieron puntuaciones significativamente más altas que los hombres en hostilidad (z=-2.577; p=0.01; n 2 = 0.082). Se encontró un tamaño del efecto medio (p> 0.039) por medio del índice ( 2 . En las demás variables no se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en cuanto al género (p < 0.05). Inhibición presentó el grado más alto de disfuncionalidad. Afecto negativo obtuvo la puntuación promedio más alta y las diferencias de género muestran que las mujeres tienden a ser más hostiles que los hombres. Sin embargo, son necesarios más estudios sobre los rasgos de personalidad patológica propuestos por el Inventario de personalidad para el DSM-5 si a futuro se propone un modelo dimensional.

Contacto con la Naturaleza: Favoreciendo la Conectividad con la Naturaleza y el Bienestar / Contact with Nature: Favoring Connectedness to Nature and Well-being

Resumen Las personas interactúan con la Naturaleza tanto a nivel físico como cognitivo y emocional, y la investigación científica ha puesto de manifiesto la capacidad de la Naturaleza de procurar el bienestar de las personas. Con el objetivo de conocer si el contacto con la Naturaleza se relaciona con mayores niveles de conectividad con la Naturaleza como de bienestar, se realizaron dos estudios. El primero se llevó a cabo con dos muestras diferentes: una de adolescentes (n = 283) y otra de adultos (n = 447), quienes respondieron un cuestionario mediante el que se evaluó la conectividad con la Naturaleza y el bienestar. A partir de los resultados de una prueba t de Student se observó mayor conectividad con la Naturaleza y bienestar en personas con un contacto frecuente con la Naturaleza, en ambas muestras. En el segundo estudio (n = 63), se investigó dicha relación en personas tras realizar un recorrido por un entorno natural artificial. Los resultados del análisis de varianza muestran que las personas que realizaron el recorrido obtuvieron mayores niveles de conectividad y afecto positivo, respecto a la línea base, que quienes no vivieron esta experiencia. Este trabajo evidencia las ventajas de la intervención psicológica mediante el contacto con la Naturaleza.

Abstract Humans relate to nature at a physical, cognitive, and emotional level, and scientific research has shown how this relation impacts on people's well-being. Two studies were carried out to determine whether contact with nature is related to higher levels of connectedness and well-being; one consisted of adolescents (n = 283) and the other of adults (n = 447), who responded to a questionnaire aimed at assessing connectivity with Nature and well-being. A greater connectedness and well-being were observed in people with frequent contact with nature. In the second study (n = 63), this relationship was studied in people after taking a tour through an artificial natural environment. The results show that the people who took the tour had higher levels of connectedness and positive affect, with levels increasing with respect to the baseline. In this study, the advantages of psychological intervention through contact with nature are evident.

Emotional experience and processing characteristics of long-term plateau immigrant undergraduates / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To investigate the subjective experience and processing characteristics of positive and negative emotions in undergraduates who have immigrated to the plateau for a long time.Methods:SPSS 22.0 was used for data analysis.Using independent sample t-test to compare various data from the plateau group(58 undergraduates who had moved to an altitude of 3 658 m for over 2 years after reaching adulthood) with the plain group (58 undergraduates who had never been to the plateau), including the state anxiety inventory(SAI), self-rating depression scale(SDS), positive and negative affect schedule (PANAS), and the affective valency and arousal on the positive, neutral, and negative emotional pictures.And χ 2 test was conducted for the positive detection rates of state anxiety and depression of the two groups.Then, Pearson correlation analysis was performed on SAI, SDS and PANAS scores. Results:The positive detection rates(state-anxiety: 67.24%, depression: 56.90%) and scores of state anxiety(44.45±8.57) and depression(50.12±10.11) in the plateau group were all higher than those in the plain group(46.55%, 32.76%, (40.19±9.58), (44.64±9.17) respectively, χ 2=5.06, 8.12, t=2.52, 3.06, all P<0.05). In addition, positive affect scores of the plateau group (28.16±5.39) tended to be lower than those of the plain group (30.28±6.51), but the difference was not statistically significant( t=-1.91, P=0.059). SAI, SDS and PANAS scores were moderately correlated each other( r= 0.69, -0.52, 0.67, -0.62, 0.53, all P<0.01). Positive affect was mildly negatively correlated with negative affect( r=-0.27, P<0.01). The correlation between positive emotion and depression( r=-0.62) was greater than that between positive emotion and state anxiety( r=-0.52, t=2.57, P<0.05). The correlation between negative emotion and state anxiety( r=0.67) was greater than that between negative emotion and depression( r=0.53, t=1.71, P<0.05). The valency score of neutral images in the plateau group (3.06±0.20) was higher than that in the plain group ((2.99±0.20), t=2.01, P=0.047). Conclusion:The long-term plateau immigrant undergraduates are prone to state anxiety and depression, with depression being the primary and anxiety secondary, and exhibit a positivity bias to neutral stimulus processing.

Negative affect moderates the link between body image dissatisfaction and disordered eating among psychiatric outpatients in a multi-ethnic Asian setting

INTRODUCTION@#Few studies have investigated the factors that affect the relationship between body image dissatisfaction and disordered eating locally. Our study aimed to investigate the moderating effects of depression and anxiety levels on the body dissatisfaction-disordered eating link in Singapore.@*METHODS@#A total of 329 participants completed a set of questionnaires that included various scales pertaining to eating behaviours, body image, psychological distress and quality of life.@*RESULTS@#Participants were diagnosed with schizophrenia (47.4%), depression (46.8%) and substance use disorders (5.8%). Moderation analyses revealed that depression (F [9, 251] = 18.50, p < 0.001, R@*CONCLUSION@#Greater effort should be dedicated to the screening of disordered eating behaviours in psychiatric outpatients presenting with greater psychological distress.

Rumiación cognitiva y afecto negativo como predictores diferenciales de los síntomas psicopatológicos internalizantes / Cognitive rumination and negative affect as differential predictors of internalizing psychopathological symptoms

Resumen Los modelos transdiagnósticos para los problemas de ansiedad, depresión y somatización han tenido evidencia para variables como la rumiación cognitiva y el afecto negativo; sin embargo, las asociaciones diferenciales entre estas dos variables en la explicación psicopatológica requiere aún ser investigada. El objetivo fue analizar la relación entre la rumiación cognitiva según las dimensiones de la rumiación: reproche y reflexión, con el afecto negativo y los síntomas psicopatológicos internalizantes depresivos, ansiosos y psicosomáticos en adultos colombianos. Se llevó a cabo una investigación cuantitativa con un diseño transversal explicativo, en el que se definió una red estructural de relaciones entre constructos mediante un diagrama de senderos y ecuaciones estructurales. Se contó con una muestra final de 640 personas, con una edad media de 31.07 años (DE = 11.27). Los resultados indicaron correlaciones significativas parciales y de orden cero entre las variables transdiagnósticas y las sintomáticas internalizantes, mediante un modelo ajustado que permitió explicar en un 74 % estas problemáticas a partir de la rumiación cognitiva y la función mediadora parcial del afecto negativo. En los síntomas depresivos y ansiosos se obtuvo que están mediados parcialmente por el afecto negativo, mientras que la medida de somatización obtuvo un coeficiente de regresión significativo con el afecto negativo como predictor independiente. Estos resultados aportan a la comprensión de la interacción de la rumiación y el afecto en la aparición de los síntomas internalizantes de manera diferencial. Se recomendó contar con una muestra clínica que ayudaría a identificar con mayor precisión la varianza explicada del modelo obtenido, lo que favorecerá los actuales tratamientos transdiagnósticos disponibles.

Abstract The transdiagnostic models of anxiety, depression and somatization problems have had evidence for variables such as cognitive rumination and negative affect, however, the differential associations between these two variables in the psychopathological explanation, still need to be investigated. The aim was to analyze the relationship between cognitive rumination according to the two dimensions: brooding and reflection, with negative affect and depressive, anxious, and psychosomatic internalizing psychopathological symptoms. A quantitative research was carried out with an explanatory cross-sectional design in which a structural network of relationships between constructs was defined by a path diagram and structural equations. There was a final sample of 640 people with a mean age of 31.07 years (SD = 11.27). The results indicated significant partial and zero-order correlations between transdiagnostic and internalizing symptomatic variables, using an adjusted model that allowed explaining these problems in 74% from cognitive rumination, and the partial mediating function of negative affect. In depressive and anxious symptoms, they were partially mediated by the negative affect, while the somatization measure obtained a significant regression coefficient with the negative affect as an independent predictor. These results contribute to the understanding of the interaction of rumination and affect in the appearance of differential internalizing symptoms. It was recommended to have a clinical sample that would help to more accurately identify the explained variance of the obtained model, as well as favor the current and available transdiagnostic treatments.

An ultra-short measure of positive and negative affect: the Reduced Affective Well-Being Scale (RAWS) / Uma medida ultracurta de afeto positivo e negativo: a escala Reduzida de Bem-Estar Afetivo (RAWS) / Una medida ultra corta de afecto positivo y negativo: la Escala reducida de Bienestar Afectivo (RAWS)

In applied organizational research, where economy of scale is often a crucial factor in successful assessment, ultra-short measures are often needed. This study investigates the psychometric properties of the Reduced Affective Well-Being Scale (RAWS), an ultra-short measure of positive and negative affect in the workplace. This 6-item ultra-short version was compared with the original 12-item scale proposed by Segura and González-Romá (2003) in terms of internal consistency and criterion validity, using a sample of 1117 bank employees. In addition, longitudinal measurement invariance and within-subject reliability of the RAWS over time were assessed in a longitudinal sample of 458 employees at 12 time points. Results provide evidence that the RAWS is similar to the full scale in terms of reliability and validity. In addition, the RAWS shows satisfactory within-person reliability and factor loading invariance over time. In studies with intensive longitudinal designs that require repeated measures of affective well-being, the use of RAWS is a recommendable option.

Na pesquisa organizacional aplicada, onde a economia de escala é freqüentemente um fator crucial para uma avaliação bem-sucedida, medidas ultracurtas são freqüentemente necessárias. Este estudo investiga as propriedades psicométricas da Escala de Bem-Estar Afetivo Reduzido (RAWS), uma medida ultracurta de afeto positivo e negativo no local de trabalho. Esta versão ultracurta de 6 itens foi comparada com a escala original de 12 itens proposta por Segura e González-Romá (2003) em termos de consistência interna e validade de critério, usando uma amostra de 1117 funcionários do banco. Além disso, a invariância da medição longitudinal e a confiabilidade dentro do indivíduo do RAWS ao longo do tempo foram avaliadas em uma amostra longitudinal de 458 funcionários em 12 pontos no tempo. Os resultados fornecem evidências de que o RAWS é semelhante à escala completa em termos de confiabilidade e validade. Além disso, o RAWS mostra confiabilidade interna satisfatória e invariância de carga fatorial ao longo do tempo. Em estudos com desenhos longitudinais intensivos que requerem medidas repetidas de bem-estar afetivo, o uso de RAWS é uma opção recomendável.

En la investigación organizacional aplicada, donde la economía de escala es a menudo un factor crucial para una evaluación exitosa, a menudo se necesitan medidas ultracortas. Este estudio investiga las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de bienestar afectivo reducido (RAWS), una medida ultracorta de afecto positivo y negativo en el lugar de trabajo. Esta versión ultracorta de 6 ítems se comparó con la escala original de 12 ítems propuesta por Segura y González-Romá (2003) en términos de consistencia interna y validez de criterio, utilizando una muestra de 1117 empleados bancarios. Además, la invariancia de medición longitudinal y la fiabilidad intraindividual del RAWS a lo largo del tiempo se evaluaron en una muestra longitudinal de 458 empleados en 12 puntos temporales. Los resultados proporcionan evidencia de que el RAWS es similar a la escala completa en términos de fiabilidad y validez. Además, el RAWS muestra una fiabilidad intrapersona satisfactoria e invariancia de carga de factores a lo largo del tiempo. En estudios con diseños longitudinales intensivos que requieran medidas repetidas de bienestar afectivo, el uso de RAWS es una opción recomendable.

Influência do afeto no julgamento e decisão contábil / Influence of affection on judgment and accounting decision

Para avaliar a influência do afeto no julgamento e tomada de decisão contábil, realizou-se uma pesquisa experimental. A amostra compreendeu 115 alunos do curso de graduação em Ciências Contábeis, separados em dois grupos: afeto positivo (58) e afeto negativo (57). Todos os participantes foram requisitados a resolverem um caso de julgamento contábil para tomada de decisão. Ao entrarem na sala, foram orientados pela atriz/empresária, que teve a incumbência de gerar afeto positivo ou negativo para cada um dos grupos em momentos distintos. A atriz simulou ser uma empresária e os participantes os contadores que teriam que lhe ajudar. Para a análise dos dados, realizou-se os testes qui-quadrado e Mann-Whitney. Os resultados revelam que o afeto positivo influencia no julgamento e tomada de decisão contábil, quando o nível de dificuldade é maior para a resolução de determinado problema, o que faz com que os participantes analisassem a questão com mais atenção na identificação da melhor decisão diante do problema apresentado. A partir dos resultados, organizações contábeis poderão direcionar recursos para práticas que melhorem as relações de seus contadores com seus clientes, pois tais relações podem influenciar o comportamento no ambiente de trabalho e afetar o julgamento e tomada de decisão.

To assess the influence of affection on judgment and accounting decision-making, an experimental survey was conducted. The sample comprised 115 undergraduate students in Accounting Sciences, separated into two groups: positive affect (58) and negative affect (57). All participants were asked to resolve an accounting judgment case for decision making. Upon entering the room, they were guided by the actress/businesswoman, who had the task of generating positive or negative affection for each of the groups at different times. The actress pretended to be a businesswoman and the participants were accountants who would have to help her. For data analysis, chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests were performed. The results reveal that positive affect influences judgment and accounting decision-making when the level of difficulty is greater in solving a certain problem, which makes participants analyze the issue more carefully in identifying the best decisionin the face of the problem. introduced. Based on the results, accounting organizations will be able to direct resources to practices that improve their accountants' relationships with their clients, as such relationships can influence behavior in the workplace and affect judgment and decision making.

Validación de la escala de afecto positivo y negativo en población chilena y su aplicación en personas migrantes residentes en Chile / Validation of the positive and negative affect scale in the Chilean population and its application in migrant people

INTRODUCCIÓN: Aunque la escala de afecto positivo y negativo propuesta por Mroczek y Kolarz no ha sido tan ampliamente utilizada como otros instrumentos, las adecuadas propiedades psicométricas publicadas hasta ahora, sumado a la rapidez de su aplicación; la sitúan como un instrumento adecuado para medir el componente hedónico del bienestar subjetivo. En este sentido, la validación de la escala en Chile permitirá a los investigadores tener a disposición un instrumento breve y fiable con el cual medir el bienestar subjetivo. OBJETIVO: El objetivo inicial de este estudio fue validar en Chile la escala de afecto positivo y negativo propuesta por Mroczek y Kolarz. MÉTODOS: Se reclutó a una muestra no probabilística de 155 chilenos junto con una muestra de 308 inmigrantes adultos residentes en Chile de nacionalidades colombiana, peruana y venezolana. La muestra de chilenos se utilizó para la validación de la escala. Se evaluó la validez de constructo (α de Cronbach y análisis factorial exploratorio), y luego la validez concurrente a través de correlaciones bivariadas con la medida de "sentimiento de felicidad" de Wold (1995) y de "satisfacción con la vida" de Keyes, Shmotkin & Ryff (2002). Finalmente, se valoraron las diferencias en la expresión de afecto de los chilenos en comparación con la de los migrantes. RESULTADOS: El índice de fiabilidad fue de α = 0,92 para la subescala de afecto positivo y de α = 0,75 para la subescala de afecto negativo. El análisis factorial exploratorio reprodujo de manera idéntica las cargas factoriales propuestas en el instrumento original con saturaciones de los ítems > 0,35 por factor. Los migrantes colombianos y venezolanos muestran mayor expresión de afecto positivo que los chilenos, mientras que esta diferencia no se observa al comparar chilenos con peruanos. CONCLUSIÓN: La escala de afecto positivo y negativo presenta propiedades psicométricas adecuadas para medir la expresión de afecto (bienestar hedónico) en la población chilena.

INTRODUCTION: Although the positive and negative affect scale proposed by Mroczek and Kolarz has not been widely used as other instruments, the adequate psychometric properties reported and the simplicity of the application, place it as an adequate instrument to measure the hedonic component of subjective well-being. Thus, the scale validation in Chile will allow researchers to have available a short and reliable instrument in order to measure subjective well-being. OBJECTIVE: The initial objective of this study was to validate in Chile the "Positive and negative affect scale" proposed by Mroczek and Kolarz. METHODS: A non-probabilistic sample of 155 Chileans and a sample of 308 adult immigrants residing in Chile of Colombian, Peruvian and Venezuelan nationality were recruited. The sample of Chileans was used to validate the scale. The construct validity (Cronbach's α and exploratory factor analysis) and the concurrent validity through bivariate correlations with other measures were estimated. Finally, the differences in the affect expression of Chileans in comparison with migrants' people were evaluated. RESULTS: The reliability index was α = 0.92 for the positive affect sub-scale and α = 0.75 for the negative affect sub-scale. The exploratory factor analysis reproduced in the same way the factorial loadings proposed in the original instrument with saturations > 0.35 per item. Colombian and Venezuelan migrants show greater expression of positive affect than Chileans, while this difference is not observed when comparing Chileans with Peruvians. CONCLUSION: The positive and negative affect scale has adequate psychometric properties to measure the expression of affect (hedonic well-being) in the Chilean population.

Further considerations regarding PANAS: Contributions from four studies with different Argentinean samples

Abstract In this research we analyzed the psychometric properties of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) in samples coming from four independent studies: university students (Study 1, n = 392; Study 2, n = 395), general adult population (Study 3, n = 316), and athletes (Study 4, n = 533). Through confirmatory analyses we evaluated the following models: (a) two-factor model (Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1988), (b) three-factor model by Mehrabian (1997), (c) three-factor model by Gaudreau, Sánchez and Blondin (2006) and (d) bi-factor model (Leue & Beauducel, 2011), all of them in their oblique and orthogonal variants. Several models presented an acceptable fit, but only after allowing correlated errors and excluding the items alert and excited. While orthogonal solutions of the three models showed the best fit in Studies 2, 3 and 4, oblique solutions presented the best fit in Study 1. Cronbach's alpha, composite reliability and omega indexes oscillated between .55 and .89. Considering the original theoretical model and the practical utility of the PANAS, we favor the model of two orthogonal factors, excluding the aforementioned items.

Resumen En esta investigación analizamos las propiedades psicométricas del Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) en muestras de cuatro estudios independientes: estudiantes universitarios (Estudio 1, n = 392; Estudio 2, n = 395), población general adulta (Estudio 3, n = 316) y atletas (Estudio 4, n = 533). Mediante análisis confirmatorios evaluamos los siguientes modelos: (a) dos factores (Watson, Clark & Tellegen, 1988), (b) tres factores por Mehrabian (1997), (c) tres factores por Gaudreau, Sánchez and Blondín (2006) y (d) bi-factorial (Leue & Beauducel, 2011), todos en sus variantes oblicua y ortogonal. Varios modelos presentaron un ajuste aceptable, pero solo después de permitir correlacionar los errores y excluir los ítems alerta y excitado. Mientras que las soluciones ortogonales de los tres modelos mostraron un mejor ajuste en los Estudios 2, 3 y 4, las soluciones oblicuas presentaron un mejor ajuste en el Estudio 1. El alfa de Cronbach, la confiabilidad compuesta y el índice omega oscilaron entre .55 y .89. Considerando el modelo teórico original y la utilidad práctica del PANAS, nos inclinamos hacia el modelo de dos factores ortogonales, excluyendo los ítems antes mencionados.

Propiedades psicométricas de una versión española breve de 30 ítems del Cuestionario de Ansiedad y Depresión (MASQE30) / Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Version of 30-Item Brief Depression and Anxiety Symptoms Questionnaire (MASQS30)

Resumen Se presenta en esta investigación una versión corta de 30 ítems del Mood and Anxiety Symptoms Questionnaire ([MASQ]; Cuestionario de Síntomas de Ansiedad y del Humor) diseñado para medir las tres dimensiones del modelo tripartito de la ansiedad y la depresión, a saber, el Afecto Negativo (AN), el Afecto Positivo (AP) y la Ansiedad Somática (AS). Esta adaptación es una versión holandesa que se administró a una muestra de la población general canaria. Los objetivos propuestos son conocer la validez de constructo del MASQE30, mediante análisis factoriales exploratorio y confirmatorio, así como sus propiedades psicométricas y la validez convergente, discriminante y predictiva con ansiedad y depresión evaluadas con cuestionarios. Los resultados confirman la adecuada validez de constructo del MASQE30, así como coeficientes de consistencia interna que oscilan entre 0.88 y 0.92 y una estabilidad temporal que va desde 0.47 a 0.68. Los resultados corroboran que el AN y AS son compartidos por la ansiedad y la depresión, y el AP es específico de la depresión. El AN y AP corroboran las predicciones del modelo, pero no el resultado de AS. Se propone el MASQE30 como un instrumento adecuado para el estudio dimensional de la depresión y la ansiedad en población clínica y comunitaria.

Abstract In this investigation, we present a short 30-item version of the Mood and Anxiety Symptoms Questionnaire (MASQS30), designed to measure the three dimensions of the tripartite model of anxiety and depression, namely, negative affect (NA), positive affect (PA), and somatic anxiety (SA). This adaptation is from a Dutch version that we administered to a sample of the general canarian population. The proposed goals are to determine the construct validity of the MASQS30 through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, as well as its psychometric properties, and convergent, discriminant, and predictive validity with anxiety and depression as assessed through questionnaires. The results confirm adequate construct validity of the MASQS30, as well as internal consistency coefficients ranging between 0.88 and 0.92, and temporal stability, ranging from 0.47 to 0.68. The results corroborate that NA and SA are shared by anxiety and depression, whereas PA is specific to depression. NA and PA corroborate the predictions of the model, but the result of SA does not. The MASQS30 is proposed as an adequate instrument for the dimensional study of depression and anxiety in clinical and community population.

Diferencias en temperamento según nivel socioeconómico en niños chilenos de 12 y 30 meses / Differences in temperament according to socioeconomic status in 12 to 30 months Chilean children

Resumen Se entiende el temperamento como el conjunto de diferencias individuales en reactividad y autorregulación, manteniéndose relativamente estable a través del tiempo, y siendo influenciado por la herencia, la maduración biológica y el contacto con el ambiente. En el presente estudio se buscó establecer si se dan diferencias en las dimensiones de temperamento de extraversión, afecto negativo y autorregulación según nivel socioeconómico, en niños chilenos asistentes a sala cuna. Se evaluaron 103 niños de ambos sexos, a los 12 y a los 30 meses de edad, con los cuestionarios IBQ-R-VSF y ECBQ-VSF, los cuales respondieron los padres. Los resultados mostraron que entre los 12 y 30 meses la extraversión se mantuvo constante, mientras que las dimensiones de afecto negativo y autorregulación disminuyeron de manera significativa. A los 12 meses los niños de NSE alto mostraron una mayor autorregulación, mientras que a los 30 meses los niños de NSE bajo evidenciaron un mayor afecto negativo. Se discuten los resultados en base a la evidencia encontrada sobre las diferentes realidades en los distintos niveles socioeconómicos.

Abstract Temperament is understood as the set of individual differences in reactivity and self-regulation, considered as stable through time, and influenced by the heritability, the biological maturation, and the interaction with the environment. The aim of this study was to determine if the dimensions of temperament (extraversion, negative affect, and self-regulation) show differences according to socioeconomic status in Chilean children attending to nurseries. For this study, 103 children from both genders were evaluated at 12 and 30 months old, using the IBQ-R-VSF and ECBQ-VSF questionnaires, which were answered by their parent. Results showed that between 12 and 30 months, extraversion remained constant, while the dimensions of negative affect and self-regulation decreased significantly. Children from high socioeconomic status showed higher self-regulation at age of 12 months, while the ones from low socioeconomic status decreased their negative affect at 30 months old. Results are discussed based on evidence about realities from different socioeconomic statuses.

Relationship between emotional intelligence and life satisfaction in military personnel:Multiple mediating effects of positive and negative affect / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To explore the multiple mediation effects of the positive and negative affect between emotional intelligence and life satisfaction in military personnel.Methods:Totally 967 male military personnel aged 17 to 34 years were investigated with the Schutte's Emotional Intelligence Scale (SSEIS),the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) and Life Satisfaction Index A (LSIA).The relationship among these variables was analyzed by using path analysis and Bootstrap test.Results:Totally 68.7％ military personnel were satisfied with their lives.Path analysis showed that emotional intelligence had indirect effects on life satisfaction through the mediation effects of positive affect and negative affect (x2/df=8.88,GFI =0.98,AGFI =0.94,NFI =0.98,IFI =0.98,TLI =0.95,CFI =0.98,RMSEA =0.09).Bootstrap test showed that the mediational path through positive affect and negative affect with the effect size were 31.5％ and 14.8％,and the total mediational effect size was 46.3％.Conclusion:It suggests that positive affect and negative affect may have mediating effects on the relationship between emotional intelligence and life satisfaction among military personnel.

Perfectionism and negative/positive affect associations: the role of cognitive emotion regulation and perceived distress/coping / Associação entre perfecionismo e afeto negativo e positivo: o papel da regulação emocional cognitiva e do stresse/coping percebidos

Abstract Objective To explore 1) if perfectionism, perceived distress/coping, and cognitive emotion regulation (CER) are associated with and predictive of negative/positive affect (NA/PA); and 2) if CER and perceived distress/coping are associated with perfectionism and if they mediate the perfectionism-NA/PA associations. There is a distinction between maladaptive and adaptive perfectionism in its association with NA/PA. CER and perceived distress/coping may mediate the maladaptive/adaptive perfectionism and NA/PA associations. Methods 344 students (68.4% girls) completed the Hewitt & Flett and the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scales, the Composite Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, the Profile of Mood States, the Perceived Stress Scale, and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Results NA predictors were maladaptive/adaptive perfectionism, maladaptive CER and perceived distress (positively), positive reappraisal and planning, and perceived coping (negatively). PA predictors were maladaptive/adaptive perfectionism and perceived distress (negatively), positive reappraisal and planning, positive refocusing and perceived coping (positively). The association between maladaptive perfectionism and NA was mediated by maladaptive CER/low adaptive CER, perceived distress/low coping. Maladaptive perfectionism and low PA association was mediated by perceived distress. High PA was determined by low maladaptive perfectionism and this association was mediated by adaptive REC and coping. Adaptive perfectionism and NA association was mediated by maladaptive CER and perceived distress. Conclusion CER and perceived distress/coping are associated and mediate the perfectionism-NA/PA associations.

Resumo Objetivo Explorar 1) se o perfeccionismo, o estresse/copingpercebidos e a regulação emocional cognitiva (REC) estão associadas e predizem o afeto negativo/positivo (AN/AP); e 2) se a REC e o estresse/copingestão associados e mediam a relação perfeccionismo-AN/AP. Existe uma distinção entre o perfeccionismo mal-adaptativo/adaptativo na associação com o AN/AP. A REC e o estresse/copingpoderão mediar as associações entre o perfeccionismo mal-adaptativo/adaptativo-AN/AP. Métodos 344 estudantes (68.4% do sexo feminino) completaram as Escalas Multidimensionais do Perfeccionismo de Hewitt & Flett e de Frost, a Escala Multidimensional de Perfeccionismo Compósita, o Perfil dos Estados de Humor, a Escala de Estresse Percebido e o Questionário da Regulação Emocional Cognitiva. Resultados Os preditores do AN foram o perfeccionismo adaptativo/mal-adaptativo, a REC mal-adaptativa e o estresse percebido (positivamente), a reavaliação positiva e planeamento e o coping(negativamente). Os preditores do AP foram o perfeccionismo adaptativo/mal-adaptativo e o estresse percebido (negativamente), a reavaliação positiva e planeamento, a refocalização positiva e o copingpercebido (positivamente). A associação entre o perfeccionismo mal-adaptativo e o AN foi mediada pela REC mal-adaptativa/baixa REC adaptativa, pelo estresse/baixo copingpercebidos. A associação entre o perfeccionismo mal-adaptativo/adaptativo e baixo AP foi mediada pelo estresse percebido. O elevado AP foi determinado pelo baixo perfeccionismo mal-adaptativo e esta associação foi mediada pela REC adaptativa e pelo coping. A associação entre o perfeccionismo adaptativo e o AN foi mediada pela REC mal-adaptativa e pelo estresse percebido. Conclusão A REC e o estresse/copingpercebidos estão associados e medeiam as associações entre o perfeccionismo e AN/AP.

Mediating effects of social inhibition on the relationship between rejection sensitivity and negative affect in army recruits / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the relationship of rejection sensitivity,social inhibition and negative affect in army recruits.Methods358 recruits were measured with rejection sensitivity questionnaire,type D personality scale,and positive affect and negative affect scale.Results(1)The score of intimates' rejection sensitivity was highest(9.33±3.88),peers' rejection sensitivity was in the middle(8.59±3.27),teachers' rejection sensitivity was lowest(6.79±2.90),with statistical significance(F(2,355)=53.76,P<0.01).(2)Rejection sensitivity had significantly positive correlation with social inhibition(r=0.346,P<0.01).Negative affect had significantly positive correlation with rejection sensitivity (r=0.233,P<0.01) and social inhibition(r=0.351,P<0.01).(3)Social inhibition partially mediated the relationships between rejection sensitivity and negative affect(the value of mediating effect was 45.7%).ConclusionRejection sensitivity has direct effects on negative affect and indirect effects through social inhibition.

Caracterização qualitativa do bem-estar subjetivo de crianças e adolescentes em situação de rua / Qualitative characterization of subjective well-being of street youth / Caracterización cualitativa de bienestar subjetivo de niños en situación de calle

Trata-se de estudo de casos múltiplos com objetivo de investigar qualitativamente o bem-estar subjetivo de crianças e adolescentes em situação de rua. Participaram 6 adolescentes de Fortaleza (10-17 anos), todos do sexo masculino. Destes, três viviam em instituição de acolhimento, dois em serviço aberto e um na rua. Utilizou-se entrevista estruturada, figuras representativas dos contextos (escola, família, rua, amigos e instituição) e diário de campo para contemplar os aspectos de satisfação de vida, afetos positivos e negativos. A análise de conteúdo permitiu identificar uma avaliação positiva da satisfação de vida pela maioria dos adolescentes. Eles tenderam a relacioná-la à rede de apoio, projetos futuros e estar vivendo numa situação melhor do que vivia antes de virem para a rua. Atribuiu-se os afetos positivos ao relacionamento com os pares, à presença dos familiares, apoio das instituições para familiares e envolvimento em atividades lúdicas e de lazer. Já os afetos negativos relacionaram-se aos conflitos e brigas (com amigos, familiares e profissionais das instituições), preconceitos da sociedade, punições por desobedecer regras, realização de atividades domésticas e violência física e sexual. A rua e a família foram os contextos mais associados aos afetos negativos quando comparados à instituição, à escola e aos amigos. Porém, os afetos positivos não estiveram excluídos da rua e da família. Enfatiza-se a importância de estudos acerca dos processos positivos, os quais propõem uma leitura mais abrangente do desenvolvimento humano em contextos de vulnerabilidade e que não estejam baseados exclusivamente no levantamento de indicadores de risco vivenciados por essas populações.

This multiple case study aimed to investigate qualitatively the subjective well-being of children and adolescents that live on streets. Six male adolescents from Fortaleza city (10-17 years old) participated. Three were living in the foster care institution, two on temporary shelter and one on the streets. Structured interviews, pictures representing different contexts (school, family, streets, friends and institution), and field notes were used to contemplate the aspects of life satisfaction, positive and negative affects. Content analysis allowed the identification of a positive evaluation of life satisfaction by most adolescents. They tended to relate it to their support network, to future projects and by comparing their improved present situation to the time spent on the streets. Positive affects were related to relationships with partners, presence of family, support from institutions to family and involvement in recreational and leisure activities. Whereas negative affects were related to conflicts and quarrels (with friends, family and professional institutions), prejudices of society, punishment for disobeying rules, performing household activities and physical and sexual violence. The streets and family were the most associated with negative affects compared to the institution, school and friends. However, positive affects were not excluded from the streets and family. It can be emphasized the importance of studies related to the positive processes that propose a more comprehensive reading of the human development in contexts of vulnerability and that are not based solely on the survey of risk indicators experienced by these populations.

Es un estudio de casos múltiple para investigar cualitativamente el bienestar subjetivo de los niños y adolescentes que viven en la calle. Participaron 6 adolescentes de Fortaleza (10-17 años), todos de sexo masculino. Tres vivían en institución de acogida, dos en servicio abierto y uno en la calle. Utilizamos entrevistas estructuradas, figuras representativas de contextos (escuela, familia, calle, amigos y institución) y diario de campo para incluir asuntos de satisfacción con la vida y afectos. Análisis de contenido permitió identificar un balance positivo acerca de la satisfacción con la vida en la mayoría de los adolescentes. Tendieron a relacionarla con red de apoyo, proyectos futuros y vivir en una mejor situación que antes de su salida a la calle. Atribuyeron afectos positivos a relación con pares, presencia de miembros de la familia, apoyo de las instituciones para la familia y participación en actividades recreativas y de ocio. Relacionaron emociones negativas con conflictos y peleas (con amigos, familia y instituciones profesionales), discriminación por parte de la sociedad, castigos por desobedecer reglas, realización de tareas domésticas y violencia física y sexual. La calle y familia fueron contextos que más se asociaron con efectos negativos en comparación con institución, escuela y amigos. Sin embargo, afectos positivos no fueron excluidos de la calle y familia. Hacemos hincapié en la importancia de estudios sobre procesos positivos, que ofrecen una lectura más amplia del desarrollo humano en contextos de vulnerabilidad y no basadas exclusivamente en un sondeo de los factores de riesgo experimentados por estas poblaciones.

Afectividad negativa y positiva en adultos cubanos con sintomatología ansiosa, depresiva y sin trastornos / Negative and positive affect in Cuban adults with anxiety, depression and without symptoms

El Modelo Bifactorial de Afectividad de Watson y Tellengen se ha postulado para la diferenciación de la ansiedad y la depresión en Europa y Norteamérica, pero no se han reportado estudios en población cubana de edad media. El objetivo de esta investigación fue investigar la Afectividad Positiva (AP) y la Afectividad Negativa (AN) en personas sin psicopatología, con sintomatología predominantemente ansiosa, depresiva o mixta. La muestra fue de 219 personas; 19,2% con sintomatología ansiosa, 17,8% depresiva, 23,7% mixta y el resto sin síntomas. Se utilizó el Inventario de Afecto Positivo y Negativo (PANAS) para estudiar la afectividad y la Escala de Ansiedad y Depresión de Goldberg (EADG) para diferenciar los subgrupos diagnósticos. Se utilizó el ANOVA de un factor con el Método de la Diferencia Significativa Honesta de Tukey para establecer las diferencias. Se encontró que la AP era menor en los depresivos tal y como predice el Modelo, pero no se cumplió la predicción de que la AP diferenciaría a los ansiosos de las personas sin síntomas, y se encontró que en el grupo con sintomatología mixta había mayor AN y menor AP que en los otros subgrupos patológicos, lo cual alerta sobre la necesidad de evaluar los modelos desarrollados en otras culturas.

Two-Factor Model of Emotion of Watson and Tellengen has been investigated for the differentiation of anxiety and depression in Europe and North America, but no studies have been reported on middle-aged Cuban population. The objective of this research was to investigate the negative (NA) and positive affectivity (PA) in individuals without psychopathology, predominantly anxious, depressive or mixed symptoms. The sample was 219 subjects; 19.2% with symptoms of anxiety, 17.8% has depression, 23.7% mixed anxiety and depression symptoms, and the rest without symptoms. Positive and negative affect schedule (PANAS) was used to study emotion; and Anxiety and Depression Scale Goldberg (GADS) to differentiate diagnostic subgroups. The one-way ANOVA was used with the method of Tukey Honest Significant Difference. We found that AP was lower in depressive as predicted by the model, but the prediction that the AP would differentiate anxious people without symptoms was fulfilled, which highlights the need to evaluate the models developed in other cultures.

The effect of diary method on daily affect of college students / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To explore the effect of different diary method on daily affect of college students.Methods 75 numbers of under-graduates were randomly assigned into information recording group,feeling recording group and control group.Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Positive And Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) were used before and after two months intervention.Results For positive emotion,ANOVA results showed no significant (P＞0.05) main effect of time,a significant (P＜0.05) main effect of group(2.76±0.41,2.97±0.50,3.24±0.45),and the time × group had a significant interaction (P＜0.05).Simple effect analysis showed that after the intervention,the positive emotions of information recording group (2.47 ± 0.62) and feeling recording group (2.86±0.64) was lower than the positive emotions of control group(3.35±0.46) significantly(P＜0.05).For negative emotions,there was no significant difference (P＞0.05) in main effects of time,group and interaction;for depression,the main effect of the level of time (8.02± 5.65,5.38 ± 5.04,5.20± 5.51) was significant (P＜ 0.01),and main effect of group and the interaction were not significant(P＞0.05).Conclusion Different diary methods have different effects on the subject's daily affect.

Study on psychological resilience and its influencing factors of postgradu-ates who just entered the military medical university / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective To study military medical graduates' psychological elastic characteris-tics and the key influencing factors. Methods A comparative study of 817 graduate students and 597 undergraduate students in a military academy was conducted by using positive negative emotions, pos-itive and negative cognitive bias and Mental Resilience Scale. Independent sample t-test, single factor analysis of variance, correlation analysis, and step-wise regression analysis were conducted by SPSS 18.0 for data analysis. Results ①Resilience scores of postgraduate students were significantly lower than those of undergraduate students (76.01 ±11.43 vs. 80.00 ±10.26, t=-6.76, P<0.01). Resilience scores of military postgraduates were significantly higher than those of local postgraduates (77.18 ± 11.59 vs. 74.97±11.19, t=2.77, P<0.05). Resilience scores of female postgraduates were significantly lower than those of males (74.79 ±10.83 vs. 76.94 ±11.78, t=2.68, P<0.05), reflected in factors of tenacity and strength. ②Resilience and its factors were positively related to positive affect and atten-tion to positive information (r=0.448~0.625, P<0.01), while negatively related to negative affect and attention to negative information (r=-0.206~-0.448, P<0.01). ③Regression analysis showed that posi-tive and negative emotion, attention to positive and negative information can significantly predict re-silience, accounting for the variance of 53.7%. ④Positive and negative affect partially mediated the relationship between attention to positive information and positive affect and resilience. Conclusion Attention to positive information and positive affect may be potential targets for intervention to enhance the level of resilience among military medical postgraduate students.

Afecto positivo y negativo como mediador de la relación optimismo-salud: evaluación de un modelo estructural / Positive and Negative Affect as Mediator of the Relatioship Optimism-Health: Evaluation of a Structural Model

Las variables psicológicas y especialmente la variables positivas han mostrado múltiples beneficios para los seres humanos. Importante evidencia indica que los sujetos con mejor bienestar, altos niveles de felicidad y emociones positivas muestran mejores indicadores de salud. El optimismo es una variable positiva ampliamente estudiada y con gran evidencia sobre sus beneficios en la salud. Sin embargo, modelos explicativos acerca de cómo se producen estos beneficios han sido menos estudiados. Se ha propuesto evaluar un modelo que establece cómo el optimismo puede ser una variable causal de la salud, mediada por los afectos positivos y negativos. Se realizó un análisis de modelo de ecuaciones estructurales para probar un modelo explicativo. Participaron 995 personas con edades entre los 18 y 60 años. Se evaluó el optimismo disposicional, afecto positivo y negativo, así como salud mental y física. Los resultados muestran que el ajuste al modelo es adecuado, permitiendo considerar al optimismo como una variable explicativa de la salud tanto física y como mental, mediado por afecto positivo y negativo.

Psychological variables and especially the positive variables have shown multiple benefits for humans. Important evidence indicates that subjects with better well-being higher levels of happiness and positive emotions show better health indicators. Optimism is a positive variable widely studied and strong evidence of its benefits on the health of individuals. However, an explanatory model about how these benefits occur has been less studied. It has been proposed to evaluate a model that establishes optimism can be a causal variable health mediated the positive and negative affects. An analysis of structural equation modeling was conducted to test an explanatory model. Participants 995 people aged between 18 and 60 years old. Dispositional optimism, positive and negative affect as well as mental and physical health was assessed. Structural model analysis was conducted to test an explanatory model. The results show that the model is suitable adjustment to consider allowing optimism as an explanatory variable of both physical and mental health mediated by positive and negative affect.